We compared the Tumor MicroEnvironment (TME) of 13 low grade and 25 high grade canine mast cell tumors (MCT) by immunohistochemistry targeting IBA-1 (pan-macrophages), CD163 (pro-tumoral macrophages), CD3 (T-lymphocytes), CD20 (B-cells) and MCH-II (CD4- associated antigen-presenting cells). Our research highlights significant differences in TME between low and high-grade canine MCTs, particularly regarding antigen presenting (MHC-II) but also concerning macrophage polarization. Markers for CD8+ lymphocytes, CD8-associated antigen presentation and immune checkpoint inhibitors should be investigated to further understand the TME of canine MCT’s. This knowledge is crucial for developing targeted immunotherapies and improving treatment strategies for this common canine cancer.

Anogenital distance (AGD) in cattle is the measurement from the anus to the genitalia. It is a sexually dimorphic trait, meaning it differs between males and females, with males generally having a longer AGD. In other species and humans is AGD is a non-invasive indicator of prenatal hormone exposure, particularly androgens, which influence reproductive development and future fertility performance. In cattle, AGD is being studied as a potential marker for fertility, reproductive health, and selection in breeding programs. Since reproductive efficiency is critical in livestock production, AGD provides a simple, cost-effective measurement that may help predict future breeding performance and improve herd productivity.

Advanced maternal age reduces fertility, as live birth rates decline even with assisted reproductive technologies. Follicular fluid (FF) supports oocyte maturation, cumulus expansion, and ovulation, but aging disrupts post-transcriptional regulation, impairing FF function and oocyte quality. Circular RNAs (circRNAs) are stable non-coding RNAs regulating transcription and translation, influencing granulosa cells and follicular signaling. This study provides the first comprehensive full-length circRNA profile in equine FF, revealing age-related differences. Total RNA from FF of 5 young and 5 old equines was extracted with Trizol, quality-checked using NanoDrop and Bioanalyzer, libraries prepared for Oxford Nanopore sequencing, circRNAs will identified and analyzed for differential expression, and will validation performed with RT-qPCR, Sanger sequencing, and RNase R treatment. These circRNAs may serve as biomarkers for reproductive aging.

Plasmacytoid dendritic cells (pDC) are crucial antiviral white blood cells that produce massive amounts of antiviral molecules, such as interferons. We investigated how two chemical compounds work together to activate these cells. Exposure of white blood cells to 2’3’-cGAMP and 4h later to CpG resulted in a much stronger antiviral response by pDC compared to adding either compound alone. This boost did at least partly depend on soluble factors produced by monocytes in response to 2’3’-cGAMP. These findings reveal a novel strategy to hyperactivate pDC that has the potential to improve cellular immune responses to virus vaccines.

My PhD thesis quantifies biosecurity and antimicrobial use on broiler chicken farms, assessing their impact on animal health and production. Through field surveys, data analysis, and risk assessments, I evaluated biosecurity practices and antimicrobial usage patterns across diverse farm systems. Key findings highlight correlations between robust biosecurity measures and reduced antimicrobial reliance, alongside identifying critical control points for improving farm management. This research provides actionable insights for enhancing poultry health, reducing resistance risks, and promoting sustainable farming practices, contributing to industry standards and veterinary public health.